Essays the next and the next

1.
A) one provision in the bill of rights to support those who influence politics would be when the first amendment gave the right to free speech, and expression. It allows a man to make his voice heard, and his opinion with it. Another way that it allowed political participation was in the second amendment, they gave citizens the right to bare arms, and consequently, revolt against the government should anything go too far off kilter.
B)grassroots: by making usage of the trampled masses, interest groups make their voices heard, because they stand with hundred thousand other voices.
Lobbying: by Lobbying, a group makes certain that those in power hear them, by attempting to change policy, within the houses themselves.
Litigation: by suing those who do things that go against their goals, they make an example, for future generations, and setting legal precedent
C) one particular regulation on interest groups keeps interest groups from openly bribing government officials.


2.
A)the merit system has no real enforcement as it expects individuals to simply abide by their own moral, and ethical codes.
B)due to the structure of the bureaucratic system, bureaucracies are granted a modicum of independence so long as they continue to exist within the guidelines, which proves extremely easy, as they were designed with these in mind.
Due to the complexity of the public policy problems, there needs to be some leeway for bureaucracies, so that they can adapt to previously unknown variables.
C) congress: congress can exercise their control of budget oversight, to ensure that the bureaucracy does what the congress desires them to do
Courts: when a case is brought into court that concerns an agency, the courts possess the power to rule against them, and consequently, have a modicum of control over bureaucracies
Interest groups: an interest group can use their positions in congress, and their ability to bring cases to court, so as to piggyback off of the power which congress, and the courts have over the bureaucracies.