Interest Groups

Part A:
Litigation: The process of taking legal action. Litigation could help an interest group by creating controversy about a certain candidate, and causing people to doubt him, and vote for the other candidate. Also, it can be used to fight laws that a group considers to be unjust.
Campaign contributions: By donating money to a candidate, or, more importantly, their campaign, they give a candidate the funding required to create positive publicity in favor of their candidate of choice.
Grassroots lobbying: The process of attempting to indirectly influence legislature not through the Senator or Congressman, but through their constituents. It also covers more traditional lobbying tactics of attempting to sway political votes.
Part B:
American Medical Association: Litigation. It fights against laws it believes are unjust in court.
Sierra Club: Grassroots lobbying. The Sierra club is one of the oldest interest groups in the history of the United States, and it specializes in grassroots lobbying.
NRA: Specializing in Lobbying, the NRA is one of the largest, and most powerful lobbying groups in the county, it is also one of the oldest. It's membership is over 5,000,000.
NAACP: Litigation: The NAACP repeatedly went to court to defend civil rights issues. Especially for African Americans.